Vital Xposure, a disabled-led theatre company, is shaking up the stage with its latest research into creative captioning. The findings from VX Labs, a three-year Arts Council England-supported programme, suggest that captioning shouldn’t just be an afterthought or a basic add-on for niche audiences. Instead, it can transform theatre storytelling and engage a far broader, more diverse crowd.
Research points to a future where captions are a vital, vibrant part of live performance, not an afterthought
The VX Labs programme explores how captioning can be integrated into theatre productions as an essential creative element, alongside lighting and sound. Dr Mandy Precious, who leads the project, points out that captioning often gets relegated to “reductive and limited” use. But with technology now more accessible, Vital Xposure asked how captions could enrich storytelling rather than just serve as functional text.
Why does this matter? Around 18 million UK adults are d/Deaf or hard of hearing, and research shows younger audiences - especially Gen Z and Millennials - prefer subtitles. Captioning also opens doors for non-native English speakers, neurodiverse viewers, and others who benefit from clearer communication. The Labs put this theory to the test by staging rehearsed readings of plays with bilingual captions in English, Punjabi, Hindi, and Urdu.
The research uncovered some game-changing ideas. Captions that use colour, style, and thoughtful translation can elevate the audience experience. The best captioning is planned from the start and integrated with other production elements. The balance between creativity and accessibility is key, especially for bilingual shows where clarity and cultural sensitivity matter.
Josh Elliott, Artistic Director of Vital Xposure, sums it up: “Captioning isn't just access - it’s art.” By placing captions on equal footing with traditional theatrical design, the company believes theatre can become more inclusive and more engaging for everyone in the audience.
Supported by Arts Council England, the VX Labs continue into 2025 with projects focusing on decolonising disability and reimagining children’s theatre accessibility.
For theatre-makers and audiences alike, Vital Xposure’s research points to a future where captions are a vital, vibrant part of live performance, not an afterthought.
